Anterior Cruciate Ligament (Acl) Reconstruction
Ligament Reconstruction Knee Surgeries: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (Acl) Reconstruction
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a surgical procedure designed to restore knee stability and function following an ACL injury. The ACL is a crucial ligament that helps stabilise the knee joint during movements such as pivoting, jumping, and changing direction. When the ACL is torn, it can lead to pain, swelling, and a feeling of instability in the knee. ACL reconstruction may help individuals regain knee stability and return to their desired level of activity.
What Is Acl Reconstruction Surgery?
ACL reconstruction involves replacing the torn ligament with a graft, which may be sourced from the patient’s own tissue (autograft) or from a donor (allograft). The graft serves as a scaffold for new ligament tissue to grow and integrate over time. This procedure is typically performed using minimally invasive arthroscopic techniques, allowing for smaller incisions and a faster recovery compared to traditional open surgery.
When Is Acl Reconstruction Recommended?
ACL reconstruction is often recommended for individuals with:
- Knee Instability: A feeling that the knee may “give way” during movement or physical activity.
- Recurrent Injuries: Repeated episodes of knee instability or further damage to other knee structures.
- Active Lifestyles: Individuals wishing to return to sports, physical work, or other high-demand activities.
- Combined Injuries: ACL tears that occur alongside other ligament or cartilage damage, requiring comprehensive treatment.
Non-surgical treatments, such as physiotherapy and bracing, may be considered in cases of partial ACL tears or for individuals with less physically demanding lifestyles.
Preparation For Acl Reconstruction Surgery
To optimise surgical outcomes, preparation may include:
- Pre-Surgical Assessment: Dr Scott Tulloch will perform a detailed examination and review imaging studies, such as MRI, to confirm the diagnosis and develop a tailored surgical plan.
- Prehabilitation: Strengthening exercises and physiotherapy may be recommended before surgery to improve knee strength and flexibility, which can support recovery.
- Pre-Surgery Instructions: Patients may be advised to stop certain medications, follow fasting guidelines, and prepare for post-surgical recovery, including arranging crutches or a knee brace.
What Happens During The Surgery?
- Surgical Technique: ACL reconstruction is typically performed arthroscopically, a minimally invasive approach that uses small incisions and specialised tools.
- Anaesthesia: General anaesthesia or regional anaesthesia (e.g., spinal anaesthesia) is used to ensure patient comfort.
- Procedure Steps:
- The torn ACL is removed, and a graft is prepared.
- Small tunnels are drilled into the thighbone (femur) and shinbone (tibia) to anchor the graft in place.
- Fixation devices, such as screws or anchors, secure the graft.
- The knee is tested to ensure stability before the incisions are closed.
- Duration: The surgery typically takes 1-2 hours.
Understanding The Risks
As with any surgical procedure, ACL reconstruction carries potential risks. Dr Scott Tulloch will discuss these with you and outline steps to minimise them. Possible risks include:
- Infection at the surgical site
- Blood clots in the legs or lungs
- Stiffness or limited range of motion in the knee
- Graft failure or loosening over time
- Rare complications, such as nerve or blood vessel damage
What To Expect After Surgery
- Hospital Stay: ACL reconstruction is usually performed as a day procedure, allowing patients to return home the same day.
- Pain Management: Medications, ice therapy, and elevation may be used to manage pain and swelling.
- Assistive Devices: Crutches and, in some cases, a knee brace may be needed during the initial recovery phase to protect the knee and aid mobility.
- Discharge Instructions: Patients will receive detailed guidance on caring for the surgical site, managing pain, and recognising signs of complications.
Rehabilitation And Recovery
- Recovery Timeline: Recovery from ACL reconstruction typically takes 6-12 months, depending on the individual’s activity goals and adherence to rehabilitation.
- Physiotherapy: A structured rehabilitation program is essential to restore strength, flexibility, and knee function.
- Activity Restrictions: High-impact activities, such as running or jumping, should be avoided until the knee has sufficiently healed, as guided by your physiotherapist and surgeon.
Long-term Outcomes
ACL reconstruction may help restore knee stability, reduce pain, and improve overall function for many patients. The success of the procedure depends on factors such as the severity of the injury, the type of graft used, and adherence to post-surgical rehabilitation.
For athletes or individuals with physically demanding goals, a gradual return to activity under the guidance of a physiotherapist is essential to minimise the risk of reinjury. Long-term benefits may include improved knee stability, enhanced performance, and reduced risk of future injuries.
If you would like to learn more about ACL reconstruction or discuss your options, book an appointment with Dr Scott Tulloch at the Victorian Orthopaedic Group.
