Distal Radius
Traumatic Orthopaedic Injuries - Upper Limb Fractures: Distal Radius
A distal radius fracture is a common orthopaedic injury involving a break in the radius bone near the wrist. This type of fracture can occur due to trauma, such as a fall onto an outstretched hand, and is often associated with pain, swelling, and difficulty using the hand or wrist. Distal radius fractures can range from simple, non-displaced breaks to complex fractures involving multiple fragments and joint damage. Prompt evaluation and treatment may help restore function and prevent complications.
What Is A Distal Radius Fracture?
The distal radius is the portion of the radius bone closest to the wrist. A fracture in this area occurs when the bone breaks due to excessive force or impact. Distal radius fractures can be classified into different types, including:
- Non-Displaced Fractures: The bone is broken but remains properly aligned.
- Displaced Fractures: The bone fragments are out of alignment.
- Intra-Articular Fractures: The fracture extends into the wrist joint, potentially affecting joint function.
- Comminuted Fractures: The bone is broken into multiple pieces.
Fracture type and severity determine the treatment approach and recovery process.
Causes Of Distal Radius Fractures
Distal radius fractures are usually caused by trauma to the wrist. Common causes include:
- Falls: Falling onto an outstretched hand is the most common cause.
- Sports Injuries: Contact sports or activities with a high risk of falls, such as cycling or skiing.
- Motor Vehicle Accidents: High-impact collisions can result in complex fractures.
- Osteoporosis: Weak or brittle bones are more prone to fractures, even from low-impact injuries.
Symptoms Of Distal Radius Fractures
Symptoms of a distal radius fracture may vary depending on the severity of the injury but commonly include:
- Pain and tenderness in the wrist, particularly on the thumb side.
- Swelling and bruising around the wrist and forearm.
- Deformity or an unusual shape of the wrist.
- Difficulty moving the wrist, hand, or fingers.
- Weakness or inability to grip objects.
- Numbness or tingling if nerves are affected.
If you experience these symptoms following trauma, it is important to seek medical attention for an accurate diagnosis.
Risk Factors For Distal Radius Fractures
Certain factors may increase the likelihood of sustaining a distal radius fracture, including:
- Age: Older adults, especially those with reduced bone density, are more prone to fractures.
- Osteoporosis: Weak bones increase the risk of fractures from minor injuries.
- High-Impact Activities: Sports or occupations that involve a higher risk of falls or trauma.
- Medical Conditions: Conditions that affect bone strength, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
- Previous Injuries: A history of wrist or arm fractures may increase susceptibility.
Treatment Options For Distal Radius Fractures
Treatment for a distal radius fracture depends on the severity of the injury, alignment of the bone, and the patient’s overall health and activity goals. Options include:
Non-Surgical Treatments
- Immobilisation: A cast or splint may be used to stabilise the fracture while it heals, especially for non-displaced fractures.
- Reduction: For displaced fractures, the bone may be manually realigned before immobilisation.
- Pain Management: Medications to relieve pain and inflammation.
- Physiotherapy: Rehabilitation exercises to restore wrist strength, flexibility, and range of motion after the cast is removed.
Surgical Treatments
Surgery may be necessary for more severe fractures, such as those involving misalignment or joint damage:
- Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF): Using plates, screws, or pins to stabilise and realign the bone.
- External Fixation: A stabilising frame is placed outside the wrist to hold the bone in position while it heals.
- Bone Grafting: For fractures with significant bone loss, a graft may be used to promote healing.
Dr Scott Tulloch will assess your condition and recommend the most appropriate treatment based on your individual needs.
When Should You Seek Help For A Distal Radius Fracture?
You should consider seeking medical advice if:
- You experience wrist pain, swelling, or deformity after an injury.
- You have difficulty moving your wrist or fingers.
- You notice numbness or tingling in your hand, which may indicate nerve involvement.
- Symptoms persist despite rest and home care.
Early evaluation and treatment may help prevent complications and ensure the best possible outcome.
If you would like to learn more about distal radius fractures or discuss your treatment options, book an appointment with Dr Scott Tulloch at the Victorian Orthopaedic Group.
