Forearm & Elbow
Traumatic Orthopaedic Injuries - Upper Limb Fractures: Forearm & Elbow
Fractures of the forearm and elbow are common injuries that can significantly affect mobility and function of the upper limb. The forearm consists of two bones, the radius and ulna, which work together to allow wrist and elbow movement. The elbow is a complex joint formed by the humerus (upper arm bone), radius, and ulna. Fractures in these areas are often caused by trauma such as falls, sports injuries, or accidents, and treatment aims to restore alignment, stability, and function.
What Are Forearm And Elbow Fractures?
Forearm fractures involve breaks in one or both of the bones in the forearm (radius and ulna), while elbow fractures involve any of the three bones forming the elbow joint (humerus, radius, and ulna). These fractures can be classified as:
- Non-Displaced Fractures: The bones remain aligned but are broken.
- Displaced Fractures: The bones are out of alignment, requiring repositioning.
- Comminuted Fractures: The bone is broken into multiple pieces.
- Intra-Articular Fractures: The fracture extends into the joint, potentially affecting movement.
The severity of the fracture determines the treatment approach and recovery process.
Causes Of Forearm And Elbow Fractures
These fractures are usually caused by trauma to the upper limb. Common causes include:
- Falls: Landing on an outstretched arm or directly on the elbow.
- Sports Injuries: High-impact activities or collisions during sports such as football, cycling, or skiing.
- Motor Vehicle Accidents: High-energy trauma that may result in complex fractures.
- Direct Blows: A direct impact to the arm or elbow from an object or collision.
Symptoms Of Forearm And Elbow Fractures
Symptoms of forearm and elbow fractures can vary depending on the location and severity of the injury but may include:
- Intense pain at the site of the fracture.
- Swelling, bruising, and tenderness around the forearm or elbow.
- Difficulty or inability to move the elbow, wrist, or fingers.
- Deformity or misalignment of the affected limb.
- Numbness or tingling in the hand or fingers if nerves are affected.
- Weakness or inability to grip or lift objects.
If you experience any of these symptoms, seeking medical attention is critical to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.
Risk Factors For Forearm And Elbow Fractures
Several factors may increase the risk of fractures in the forearm or elbow, including:
- Age: Children and older adults are more prone to fractures due to weaker bones or growth plate vulnerability.
- Osteoporosis: Reduced bone density increases the risk of fractures from minor trauma.
- Sports Participation: Activities involving high-impact or repetitive stress on the arm.
- Occupational Hazards: Jobs that involve heavy lifting or working at heights.
- Previous Injuries: A history of forearm or elbow injuries may increase susceptibility.
Treatment Options For Forearm And Elbow Fractures
Treatment for these fractures focuses on restoring alignment, stability, and function while minimising complications. Options include:
Non-Surgical Treatments
- Immobilisation: A cast or splint may be used to stabilise the fracture and allow it to heal, especially for non-displaced fractures.
- Pain Management: Medications to reduce pain and inflammation during the healing process.
- Physiotherapy: Rehabilitation exercises to restore strength, flexibility, and range of motion after immobilisation.
Surgical Treatments
Surgery may be necessary for displaced, complex, or intra-articular fractures:
- Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF): Using plates, screws, or rods to realign and stabilise the bones.
- External Fixation: A stabilising frame outside the arm for severe fractures or when internal fixation is not feasible.
- Elbow Replacement: In cases of severe joint damage, elbow replacement surgery may be considered.
- Bone Grafting: For fractures with significant bone loss, a graft may be used to promote healing.
Dr Scott Tulloch will assess the injury and recommend the most appropriate treatment based on the type of fracture, patient health, and activity level.
When Should You Seek Help For A Forearm Or Elbow Fracture?
You should consider seeking medical advice if:
- You experience severe pain, swelling, or deformity after an injury.
- You have difficulty moving or using your arm, wrist, or fingers.
- Numbness, tingling, or weakness occurs, which may indicate nerve involvement.
- Symptoms persist despite rest and home care.
Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to ensure proper healing, restore function, and minimise complications such as stiffness or joint instability.
If you would like to learn more about forearm and elbow fractures or discuss your treatment options, book an appointment with Dr Scott Tulloch at the Victorian Orthopaedic Group.
