Quadriceps Tendon Rupture
Quadriceps Tendon Rupture: A Severe Injury That May Affect Knee Extension and Strength
A quadriceps tendon rupture is a serious knee injury that occurs when the tendon connecting the quadriceps muscle to the patella (kneecap) is torn. This tendon plays a critical role in straightening the leg and supporting knee function during walking, running, or climbing stairs. A rupture can significantly affect mobility and quality of life, requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment to restore function. Quadriceps tendon ruptures most often occur in active individuals or older adults with predisposing factors such as tendon weakness or degenerative changes.
What Is A Quadriceps Tendon Rupture?
A quadriceps tendon rupture occurs when the tendon that attaches the quadriceps muscle at the front of the thigh to the kneecap is partially or completely torn. This injury typically results in the inability to straighten the knee or bear weight on the affected leg. Ruptures are classified as:
- Partial Tears: Where some of the tendon fibres remain intact.
- Complete Ruptures: Where the tendon is entirely torn, often requiring surgical intervention to repair.
This condition is often the result of a sudden force applied to the knee during activities such as jumping or landing.
Causes Of Quadriceps Tendon Ruptures
Quadriceps tendon ruptures are usually caused by trauma or excessive strain on the tendon. Common causes include:
- Sudden Force: A forceful impact or awkward landing during sports or physical activities.
- Falls: Direct trauma to the knee during a fall.
- Degenerative Changes: Age-related wear and tear that weakens the tendon.
- Overuse: Repetitive stress or strain on the tendon from activities like running or heavy lifting.
Symptoms Of Quadriceps Tendon Ruptures
Symptoms of a quadriceps tendon rupture can vary depending on the severity of the injury but may include:
- Severe pain above the kneecap.
- Swelling and tenderness at the site of the rupture.
- A visible indentation or gap above the kneecap.
- Inability to straighten the knee or lift the leg.
- Difficulty walking or bearing weight on the affected leg.
- A popping or tearing sensation at the time of injury.
If you experience these symptoms, seeking medical attention is critical for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Risk Factors For Quadriceps Tendon Ruptures
Certain factors may increase the likelihood of a quadriceps tendon rupture, including:
- Age: Older adults are more prone to tendon ruptures due to degenerative changes in the tendon.
- Chronic Conditions: Medical conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, or rheumatoid arthritis can weaken tendons.
- Tendon Overuse: Repetitive strain from sports or physical activities.
- Medications: Long-term use of corticosteroids or certain antibiotics may weaken tendons.
- Inadequate Warm-Up: Insufficient stretching or preparation before physical activity.
Treatment Options For Quadriceps Tendon Ruptures
Treatment for a quadriceps tendon rupture depends on the severity of the tear and the patient’s overall health and activity level. Options include:
Non-Surgical Treatments
- Rest and Immobilisation: Using a brace or splint to stabilise the knee and allow the tendon to heal in cases of partial tears.
- Physiotherapy: Gradual rehabilitation exercises to restore strength and flexibility in the quadriceps and knee joint.
- Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers or anti-inflammatory medications to reduce discomfort.
Surgical Treatments
Surgery is often required for complete ruptures or severe partial tears:
- Tendon Repair Surgery: Reattaching the torn tendon to the kneecap using sutures or anchors.
- Rehabilitation Following Surgery: A structured physiotherapy program to restore full range of motion and strength post-operatively.
Dr. Scott Tulloch will assess your condition and recommend the most appropriate treatment based on your individual needs and activity goals.
When Should You Seek Help For A Quadriceps Tendon Rupture?
You should seek immediate medical attention if:
- You experience sudden pain and swelling above the kneecap.
- You are unable to straighten your leg or bear weight on the affected knee.
- You notice a visible gap or indentation above the kneecap.
Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to achieving the best possible outcome and minimising the risk of long-term complications.
If you would like to learn more about quadriceps tendon ruptures or discuss your treatment options, book an appointment with Dr. Scott Tulloch at the Victorian Orthopaedic Group.
