Total Knee Replacement Surgery (Arthroplasty)
Knee Replacement Procedures: Total Knee Replacement Surgery (Arthroplasty)
Total knee replacement surgery, also known as knee arthroplasty, is a procedure designed to relieve pain and improve function in individuals with advanced knee joint damage. This surgery involves replacing the damaged surfaces of the knee joint with artificial components (implants) to restore mobility and reduce discomfort. It is often recommended for patients with severe arthritis or other conditions that have not responded to non-surgical treatments.
What Is Total Knee Replacement Surgery?
Total knee replacement surgery involves removing the damaged or worn-out surfaces of the knee joint and replacing them with durable artificial implants made of metal, ceramic, or plastic. These components are designed to mimic the natural movement and function of the knee joint. The procedure may help relieve pain, correct joint deformities, and improve overall mobility.
When Is Total Knee Replacement Recommended?
This procedure is often recommended for patients experiencing:
- Severe Osteoarthritis: Advanced degeneration of the knee joint cartilage causing chronic pain, stiffness, and swelling.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: Chronic inflammation leading to joint damage and deformity.
- Post-Traumatic Arthritis: Arthritis caused by previous knee injuries, such as fractures or ligament damage.
- Persistent Symptoms: Pain and limited mobility that significantly impact daily activities and do not respond to non-surgical treatments.
- Joint Deformity: Bowing or other structural changes in the knee joint that affect movement and alignment.
Preparation For Total Knee Replacement Surgery
Proper preparation for surgery is essential for optimal outcomes:
- Pre-Surgical Consultation: Dr Scott Tulloch will evaluate your medical history, perform a physical examination, and order imaging tests such as X-rays or MRIs to assess the extent of joint damage.
- Pre-Surgery Instructions: You may be advised to stop certain medications, follow fasting guidelines, and prepare your home for recovery (e.g., installing handrails or arranging assistive devices).
- Lifestyle Adjustments: Losing weight, quitting smoking, and performing pre-surgery exercises to strengthen muscles around the knee can help improve recovery and reduce surgical risks.
What Happens During The Surgery?
- Surgical Technique: Total knee replacement is typically performed using traditional open surgery or minimally invasive techniques, depending on your condition and overall health.
- Anaesthesia: General anaesthesia or regional anaesthesia (e.g., spinal anaesthesia) is used to ensure comfort during the procedure.
- Procedure Steps:
- The damaged surfaces of the knee joint are removed.
- The artificial implants, including the femoral (thighbone), tibial (shinbone), and patellar (kneecap) components, are placed.
- The new joint is aligned and stabilised for optimal function.
- Duration: The surgery generally takes 1-2 hours.
Understanding The Risks
As with any surgical procedure, total knee replacement carries potential risks. Dr Scott Tulloch will discuss these with you and explain measures taken to minimise them. Common risks include:
- Infection at the surgical site
- Blood clots in the legs or lungs
- Stiffness or limited range of motion in the knee
- Implant wear or loosening over time
- Rare complications, such as nerve or blood vessel damage
What To Expect After Surgery
- Hospital Stay: Most patients stay in hospital for 2-3 days following surgery for monitoring and initial recovery.
- Pain Management: Medications, cold therapy, and elevation may be used to manage pain and swelling.
- Assistive Devices: Crutches or a walker may be necessary during the initial recovery period to support mobility and reduce pressure on the knee.
- Discharge Instructions: You will receive guidance on wound care, activity restrictions, and recognising signs of complications.
Rehabilitation And Recovery
- Recovery Timeline: Initial recovery typically takes 4-6 weeks, with full recovery often achieved within 3-6 months.
- Physiotherapy: A tailored physiotherapy program is essential to improve flexibility, rebuild strength, and restore function.
- Activity Restrictions: High-impact activities may need to be avoided during recovery to protect the new joint and promote healing.
Long-term Outcomes
Total knee replacement surgery may provide significant relief from pain and improved mobility for many patients. The artificial implants are designed to last 15-20 years or more, depending on factors such as activity levels, overall health, and adherence to rehabilitation programs. Regular follow-up appointments with Dr Scott Tulloch are recommended to monitor the condition of the knee and ensure the best possible outcomes.
Maintaining an active, healthy lifestyle and following physiotherapy recommendations can help preserve the benefits of the procedure and enhance long-term joint function.
If you would like to learn more about total knee replacement surgery or discuss your options, book an appointment with Dr Scott Tulloch at the Victorian Orthopaedic Group.
