Unicompartmental (Partial) Knee Replacement Surgery
Knee Replacement Procedures: Unicompartmental (Partial) Knee Replacement Surgery
Unicompartmental knee replacement, also known as partial knee replacement, is a surgical procedure designed to address localised damage in one compartment of the knee joint. Unlike total knee replacement, this procedure preserves healthy bone, cartilage, and ligaments, focusing only on the affected area of the joint. It may help reduce pain, restore function, and improve mobility for individuals with specific types of knee joint damage.
What Is Unicompartmental Knee Replacement Surgery?
Unicompartmental knee replacement surgery involves replacing only the damaged part of the knee joint while leaving the healthy parts intact. The knee joint is divided into three compartments: medial (inside), lateral (outside), and patellofemoral (front). This procedure focuses on addressing damage in one of these compartments, which can result in less invasive surgery, faster recovery, and a more natural feeling in the knee compared to total knee replacement.
When Is Unicompartmental Knee Replacement Recommended?
Partial knee replacement may be recommended for patients who have:
- Localised Osteoarthritis: Damage confined to one compartment of the knee joint, with other areas remaining healthy.
- Good Overall Knee Health: Intact ligaments and minimal damage to the surrounding cartilage or bone.
- Persistent Pain: Symptoms that do not respond to non-surgical treatments, such as physiotherapy, medications, or injections.
- Mobility Limitations: Difficulty performing daily activities due to pain or stiffness in a specific area of the knee.
Preparation For Unicompartmental Knee Replacement Surgery
Proper preparation can enhance surgical outcomes and recovery:
- Pre-Surgical Assessment: Dr Scott Tulloch will evaluate your knee through a physical examination and imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRIs, to confirm the diagnosis and determine if unicompartmental replacement is suitable.
- Pre-Surgery Instructions: You may be advised to stop certain medications, follow fasting guidelines, and prepare for post-surgical care, including arranging for assistive devices like crutches.
- Lifestyle Adjustments: Improving overall health by losing weight, quitting smoking, or performing strengthening exercises may help reduce surgical risks and improve recovery outcomes.
What Happens During The Surgery?
- Surgical Technique: Partial knee replacement is typically performed using minimally invasive techniques, requiring smaller incisions and causing less disruption to surrounding tissues.
- Anaesthesia: The procedure is usually performed under general anaesthesia or spinal anaesthesia.
- Procedure Steps:
- The damaged compartment of the knee joint is removed.
- The artificial implant, made of metal and plastic components, is inserted to replace the damaged area.
- The knee is realigned and stabilised for optimal function.
- Duration: The surgery generally takes 1-2 hours.
Understanding The Risks
As with any surgical procedure, unicompartmental knee replacement carries potential risks. Dr Scott Tulloch will discuss these with you and outline steps to minimise them. Risks may include:
- Infection at the surgical site
- Blood clots in the legs or lungs
- Stiffness or limited range of motion in the knee
- Wear or loosening of the implant over time
Rare complications, such as nerve or blood vessel damage
What To Expect After Surgery
- Hospital Stay: Many patients can return home on the same day or after a short hospital stay, depending on their overall health and the complexity of the procedure.
- Pain Management: Medications and ice therapy may be used to manage pain and swelling.
- Assistive Devices: Crutches or a walker may be needed during the initial recovery period to support mobility and reduce pressure on the knee.
- Discharge Instructions: You will receive guidance on caring for the surgical site, managing pain, and recognising signs of complications.
Rehabilitation And Recovery
- Recovery Timeline: Recovery from partial knee replacement is often faster than total knee replacement, with many patients resuming daily activities within 4-6 weeks. Full recovery may take up to 3 months.
- Physiotherapy: A structured physiotherapy program is essential for rebuilding strength, improving flexibility, and restoring knee function.
- Activity Restrictions: High-impact activities should be avoided during the early stages of recovery to protect the new joint and promote healing.
Long-term Outcomes
Unicompartmental knee replacement may provide effective relief from pain and improved joint function for many patients. Because this procedure preserves more of the natural knee structure, patients often report a more natural feeling in the knee compared to total knee replacement.
The implants used in partial knee replacement are designed to last 10-15 years or more, depending on factors such as activity levels and overall health. Regular follow-up appointments with Dr Scott Tulloch are recommended to monitor the condition of the knee and ensure optimal outcomes. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular low-impact exercise, can help preserve the benefits of the surgery.
If you would like to learn more about unicompartmental knee replacement surgery or discuss your options, book an appointment with Dr Scott Tulloch at the Victorian Orthopaedic Group.
